检察官，正确认识你自己
钟伟苗
目前，全国各地政法机关正在进一步深入推进以学习党的十七大精神和胡锦涛、周永康同志在全国政法工作会议上的报告和在大法官大检察官座谈会上的重要讲话精神为主要内容的“大学习大讨论”活动，以进一步深化对社会主义法治理念的认识，不断提高司法干部队伍的素质，切实增强处理新形势下人民内部矛盾的能力和水平。
一个人素质的高低，在很大程度上取决于其对自身的认知能力和程度，而心态的外在表现则是其对自身认知程度的一个客观反映。不能正确认识自己的人往往心态不怎么好，反过来，心态不好的人往往是不能正确认识自己的必然结果。司法干部尤其是检察官一定要正确地认识自己,始终保持正确的心态。这是司法干部尤其是检察官正确履行职责和保证不犯或少犯错误的重要前提。
当然，要做到正确地认识自己却并不容易。有道是：不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。因此，正确地认识自己并不管在什么情况下都能保持比较好的心态更是不容易，需要我们不断地学习、不断地总结、不断地修练才有可能达到。
有一位文书，很不情愿地天天做着抄写的工作，可是迫于生计，又不得不做。效率自然很低，心情又非常压抑。一天，他遇然看到书法家启功先生被迫抄大字报的事。那是文化大革命中，启功先生被打成了牛鬼蛇神，强迫他给革命群众抄写大字报。启功先生抄得非常认真，一笔一画，一丝不苟。原来他在练习书法。据说，这为他日后书法取得巨大成就，起到了很大的帮助。这位文书很受启发，就把抄写和练习书法结合起来。从此他不仅不再厌烦他的工作，他的字也写得越来越漂亮了。另有一位老人，把上街买菜当成了负担。朋友告诉他，上街也是一个难得的锻炼机会。他这样一想，果然奏效，买菜成了他的习惯。谁都有厌烦的时候，厌烦情绪非但效率极低，而且有损身心健康。任何事情都有利有弊，当你看到利的时候心情就不一样了。这是一种正确的心态。
保持正确的心态，能最大限度地化消极因素为积极因素，有时能达到意想不到的积极效果。保持正确的心态，能使人生既有亮度，也有厚度，既有张力，又有定力，能使人真正做到泰然看得失，从容度人生。
检察干部特别是检察领导干部要保持正确的心态，不妨从以下几方面加以努力：
一要少欲。欲多则心散，心散则志衰，志衰则思不达。生命如舟，载不动太多的物欲和虚荣，要想使生命之舟在驶向彼岸时不至于中途搁浅，就必须轻载。人生苦短，要想获得越多，就得放弃越多。少欲就是要有淡泊之心。要正确对待自己的成败得失、进退留转，拥有一片“去留无意看庭前花开花落，宠辱不惊望天外云展云舒”的淡泊心境。少欲就要看低自己一点，人就会多一分清醒，少一分陶醉。能够得到提拔或重用，并不代表自己处处都比别人强，只能说自己比别人多了一次难得的机遇，这里面既是一种信任，更是一种责任。
二要识友。朋友不求多。朋友是知音、知交、，必须以真诚为基础，互相信任、宽容、忠诚、帮助，才是真正的朋友。然而，真正的朋友不是刻意寻求来的，而是在工作、学习、生活、交往中自然形成的。交友需要缘份，我们只能坚持以诚相待，真情相见，至于是否能成为朋友，那得顺其自然，无法刻意追求。一经刻意，便很难说是真正的朋友了。俗话说：物以类聚人以群分。看一个人素质层次的高低可以与其交往的一帮人的素质分析为视角，从他们之间交往的频度和程度入手，这也是识人用人的重要方法之一。
欧阳修在《朋党论》中讲：君子与君子以同道为朋，小人与小人以同利为朋。如今亲君子远小人还是亲小人远君子是每个党员干部必须慎重对待的问题。《论语》里说：益者三友：友直（直指正直）、友谅（谅指讲信用）、友多闻（闻见多识广）；损者三友：友便癖（癖指怪癖）、友善柔（柔指心术不正）、友便佞ning（佞指花言巧语）。指的是与前三种人交友对你有好处，与后三种人交友对你有损害。胡锦涛同志也讲过：要慎重对待朋友交往，坚持择善而交，多同普通群众交朋友，多同基层干部交朋友，多同先进模范交朋友，多同专家学者交朋友，注意净化自己的社交圈，对那些怀有个人目的来拉拉扯扯的人要保持高度警惕，更不能为了贪图享受而去傍大款。
三要和谐。和谐的心理是一个人素质健全的重要标志。随着人们的思想观念、价值取向、生活方式呈现多样化的趋势，给干部身心健康带来一定冲击。若处理不好，难免出现道德失范、情绪失控、心理失衡等问题。
人与人要和谐，人与物要和谐，人的内心更要和谐。内心和谐的人是善良的。他往往会信奉“授人玫瑰，手留余香”，会对弱者常怀慈悲之心，伸出温暖的手，而不会弱肉强食。与一个内心和谐的人相处，你会觉得安全。内心和谐的人是平静的。他往往不以物喜，不以己悲，他不会为一时得失而呼天抢地，也不会为身边的人飞黄腾达或大富大贵而妒火丛生，他只会朝着自己既定的目标稳步前进。内心和谐的人是达观的。他往往对闲言碎语只是微微一笑，听得进逆耳忠言，看得开过眼烟云，他往往视野开阔，性情乐观。内心和谐的人更是知足的。他会常怀感恩之心，信奉滴水之恩，涌泉相报，常思一粥一饭来之不易，对华服美食、高官显位不作非份之想，身居陋室而其乐融融。内心和谐是一种境界，一种修养,一种态度，一种情操。实现内心和谐的过程，是一个人不断提高思想觉悟，不断强化自我素养的过程。
四要敬业。子曰：居之无倦，行之以忠。就是说，在位尽职不要倦怠，执行政令忠心耿耿。即使遇到大的困难和挫折，也不能轻易放弃对事业目标的追求。古话说：艰难困苦，玉汝于成。温家宝总理也说：多难兴邦。平庸之悲，面对苦难，往往颓然叹息而失措，终至一蹶不振，为苦难所吞没。而坚强之人，面临苦难而意志弥坚，认定目标，艰苦奋斗，往往终会否极泰来，苦尽甘至。对年轻干部来说，尤其要立足本职，从基层干起，这是人才成长的基本规律，也是年轻干部健康成长的一条必由之路。年轻干部一定要树立在寂寞中成才的观念。著名翻译家傅雷曾说：耐得住寂寞是人生的一大武器。甘于寂寞，有助于提高知识技能储备，有助于养成脚踏实地的务实作风，有助于陶冶良好的职业操守。要时刻牢记“不患位之不尊，而患德之不崇；不耻禄之不够，而耻智之不博”。在敬业爱岗的同时，又要正确对待权力。“什么是权力？当一个人犯了罪，法官依法判他死刑，这不叫权力，这叫正义。而当一个人同样犯了罪，皇帝可以判他死刑，也可以不判他死刑，于是赦免了他，这就是权力！（影片《辛德勒名单》中的台词）。”为官者切不可把权力简单地当成是正义，或者把正义转化成为权力。就当今社会来说，要特别强调为官者要有好的官德。人无德不止，官无德不为。古人云：官德隆，民德昌；官德毁，民德降。从政道德是每位干部的立身之本，用权之道。要怀德自重，养心自慎。
五要有畏。人是需要有一点畏惧之心的。古人云：凡善怕者，必身有所正，言有所规，行有所止，偶有逾矩，亦不出大格。凡天不怕地不怕、唯我独尊、为所欲为的人，闯的往往就是大祸。《论语》：思所以危则安矣，思所以乱则治矣，思所以亡则存矣。有一则典故说的是同样的道理。孙叔敖作楚国的令尹，一国的官吏和百姓都来祝贺。有一人老人，穿着丧衣，戴着丧帽来吊丧。孙叔敖对老人说，我担任令尹这样的高官，人家都来祝贺，只有您来吊丧，莫不是有什么话要指教吧？老人说，是有话说，当了大官，对人骄傲，百姓就要离开他；职位高，又大权独揽，国君就会厌恶他；俸禄优厚，却不满足，祸患就可能加到他身上。孙叔敖向老人拜了两拜，说：我诚恳地接受您的指教，还想听听您的其他意见。老人说，地位越高，态度就越应谦虚；官职越大，处事也要越加谨慎；俸禄已很丰厚，就不应索取份外财物。你严格地遵守这三条，就能把楚国治理好。居官要有所畏，干事才有所成。要畏群众、畏法纪、畏监督、畏责任。
能否正确认识自己，取决于是否有好的心态。是否有好的心态，取决于是否有足够的理智。是否有足够的理智取决于是否注重不断学习、不断实践、不断总结。值得一提的是，好的心态与追求进步、追求完美、追求卓越等并不矛盾，它只是与好高骛远、玩弄权术、贪图不法利益等相对立。做人要有理智，做官更要有理智。要始终牢记做官一阵子，做人一辈子。得意时不飘飘然，失意时不愤愤然。不为名所累，不为利所缚，不为欲所惑。把个人看轻一点，把名利看淡一点，把人生看透一点。这既是一种超脱，也是一种智慧，更是一种境界。
检察官，从我开始，从现在开始正确认识你自己吧。
诸暨市人民检察院钟伟苗
中华人民共和国金银管理条例(附英文)
国务院
中华人民共和国金银管理条例(附英文)
1983年6月15日，国务院
第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强对金银的管理，保证国家经济建设对金银的需要，取缔金银走私和投机倒把活动，特制定本条例。
第二条 本条例所称金银，包括：
（一）矿藏生产金银和冶炼副产金银；
（二）金银条、块、锭、粉；
（三）金银铸币；
（四）金银制品和金基、银基合金制品；
（五）化工产品中含的金银；
（六）金银边角余料及废渣、废液、废料中含的金银。
铂（即白金），按照国家有关规定管理。
属于金银质地的文物，按照《中华人民共和国文物法》的规定管理。
第三条 国家对金银实行统一管理、统购统配的政策。
中华人民共和国境内的机关、部队、团体、学校，国营企业、事业单位，城乡集体经济组织（以下统称境内机构）的一切金银的收入和支出，都纳入国家金银收支计划。
第四条 国家管理金银的主管机关为中国人民银行。
中国人民银行负责管理国家金银储备；负责金银的收购与配售；会同国家物价主管机关制定和管理金银收购与配售价格；会同国家有关主管机关审批经营（包括加工、销售）金银制品、含金银化工产品以及从含金银的废渣、废液、废料中回收金银的单位（以下统称经营单位），管理和
检查金银市场；监督本条例的实施。
第五条 境内机构所持的金银，除经中国人民银行许可留用的原材料、设备、器皿、纪念品外，必须全部交售给中国人民银行，不得自行处理、占有。
第六条 国家保护个人持有合法所得的金银。
第七条 在中华人民共和国境内，一切单位和个人不得计价使用金银，禁止私相买卖和借贷抵押金银。
第二章 对金银收购的管理
第八条 金银的收购，统一由中国人民银行办理。除经中国人民银行许可、委托的以外，任何单位和个人不得收购金银。
第九条 从事金银生产（包括矿藏生产和冶炼副产）的厂矿企业、农村社队、部队和个人所采炼的金银，必须全部交售给中国人民银行，不得自行销售、交换和留用。
前款所列生产单位，对生产过程中的金银成品和半成品，必须按照有关规定加强管理，不得私自销售和处理。
第十条 国家鼓励经营单位和使用金银的单位，从伴生金银的矿种和含金银的废渣、废液、废料中回收金银。
前款所列单位必须将回收的金银交售给中国人民银行，不得自行销售、交换和留用。但是，经中国人民银行许可，使用金银的单位将回收的金银重新利用的除外。
第十一条 境内机构从国外进口的金银和矿产品中采炼的副产金银，除经中国人民银行允许留用的或者按照规定用于进料加工复出口的金银以外，一律交售给中国人民银行，不得自行销售、交换和留用。
第十二条 个人出售金银，必须卖给中国人民银行。
第十三条 一切出土无主金银，均为国家所有，任何单位和个人不得熔化、销毁或占有。
单位和个人发现的出土无主金银，经当地文化行政管理部门鉴定，除有历史文物价值的按照《中华人民共和国文物法》的规定办理外，必须交给中国人民银行收兑，价款上缴国库。
第十四条 公安、司法、海关、工商行政管理、税务等国家机关依法没收的金银，一律交售给中国人民银行，不得自行处理或者以其他实物顶替。没收的金银价款按照有关规定上缴国库。
第三章 对金银配售的管理
第十五条 凡需用金银的单位，必须按照规定程序向中国人民银行提出申请使用金银的计划，由中国人民银行审批、供应。
中国人民银行应当按照批准的计划供应，不得随意减售或拖延。
第十六条 中华人民共和国境内的外资企业、中外合资企业以及外商，订购金银制品或者加工其他含金银产品，要求在国内供应金银者，必须按照规定程序提出申请，由中国人民银行审批予以供应。
第十七条 使用金银的单位，必须建立使用制度，严格做到专项使用、结余交回。未经中国人民银行许可，不得把金银原料（包括半成品）转让或者移作他用。
第十八条 在本条例规定范围内，中国人民银行有权对使用金银的单位进行监督和检查。使用金银的单位应当向中国人民银行据实提供有关使用金银的情况和资料。
第四章 对经营单位和个体银匠的管理
第十九条 申请经营（包括加工、销售）金银制品、含金银化工产品以及从含金银的废渣、废液、废料中回收金银的单位，必须按照国家有关规定和审批程序，经中国人民银行和有关主管机关审查批准，在工商行政管理机关登记发给营业执照后，始得营业。
第二十条 经营单位必须按照批准的金银业务范围从事经营，不得擅自改变经营范围，不得在经营中克扣、挪用和套购金银。
第二十一条 金银质地纪念币的铸造、发行由中国人民银行办理，其他任何单位不得铸造、仿造和发行。
金银质地纪念章（牌）的出口经营，由中国人民银行和中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部分别办理。
第二十二条 委托、寄售商店，不得收购或者寄售金银制品、金银器材。珠宝商店可以收购供出口销售的带有金银镶嵌的珠宝饰品，但是不得收购、销售金银制品和金银器材。金银制品由中国人民银行收购并负责供应外贸出口。
第二十三条 边疆少数民族地区和沿海侨眷比较集中地区的个体银匠，经县或者县级以上中国人民银行以及工商行政管理机关批准，可以从事代客加工和修理金银制品的业务，但不得收购和销售金银制品。
第二十四条 国家允许个人邮寄金银饰品，具体管理办法由中国人民银行会同中华人民共和国邮电部制定。
第五章 对金银进出国境的管理
第二十五条 携带金银进入中华人民共和国国境，数量不受限制，但是必须向入境地中华人民共和国海关申报登记。
第二十六条 携带或者复带金银出境，中华人民共和国海关凭中国人民银行出具的证明或者原入境时的申报单登记数量查验放行；不能提供证明的或者超过原入境时申报登记数量的，不许出境。
第二十七条 携带在中华人民共和国境内供应旅游者购买的金银饰品（包括镶嵌饰品、工艺品、器皿等）出境，中华人民共和国海关凭国内经营金银制品的单位开具的特种发货票查验放行。无凭据的，不许出境。
第二十八条 在中华人民共和国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人出境定居，每人携带金银的限额为：黄金饰品1市两（31．25克），白银饰品10市两（312．50克），银质器皿20市两（625克）。经中华人民共和国海关查验符合规定限额的放行。
第二十九条 中华人民共和国境内的外资企业、中外合资企业，从国外进口金银作产品原料的，其数量不限；出口含金银量较高的产品，须经中国人民银行核准后放行。未经核准或者超过核准出口数量的，不许出境。
第六章 奖励与惩罚
第三十条 有下列事迹的单位或者个人，国家给予表彰或者适当的物质奖励：
（一）认真执行国家金银政策法令，在金银回收或者管理工作中做出显著成绩的；
（二）为保护国家金银与走私、投机倒把等违法犯罪行为坚决斗争，事迹突出的；
（三）发现出土无主金银及时上报或者上交，对国家有贡献的；
（四）将个人收藏的金银捐献给国家的。
第三十一条 违反本条例的下列行为，根据情节轻重，分别由中国人民银行、工商行政管理机关和海关按照各自的职责权限给予以下处罚：
（一）违反本条例第八、九、十、十一条规定，擅自收购、销售、交换和留用金银的，由中国人民银行或者工商行政管理机关予以强制收购或者贬值收购。情节严重的，工商行政管理机关可并处以罚款，或者单处以没收。
违反本条例第八、九、十、十一条规定的，工商行政管理机关可另处以吊销营业执照。
（二）违反本条例第十三条规定，私自熔化、销毁、占有出土无主金银的，由中国人民银行追回实物或者由工商行政管理机关处以罚款。
（三）违反本条例第十七条规定擅自改变使用用途或者转让金银原材料的，由中国人民银行予以警告，或者追回已配售的金银。情节严重的，处以罚款直至停止供应。
（四）违反本条例第十九、二十、二十一、二十二、二十三条规定，未经批准私自经营的，或者擅自改变经营范围的，或者套购、挪用、克扣金银的，由工商行政管理机关处以罚款或者没收。情节严重的，可并处以吊销营业执照、责令停业。
（五）违反本条例第七条规定，将金银计价使用、私相买卖、借贷抵押的，由中国人民银行或者工商行政管理机关予以强制收购或者贬值收购。情节严重的，由工商行政管理机关处以罚款或者没收。
（六）违反本条例第五章有关金银进出国境管理规定或者用各种方法偷运金银出境的，由海关依据本条例和国家海关法规处理。
（七）违反本条例第十四条规定的，由中国人民银行予以收兑。对直接责任人员由有关单位追究行政责任。
第三十二条 违反本条例规定，已构成犯罪行为的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第七章 附 则
第三十三条 本条例的施行细则，由中国人民银行会同国务院有关部门制定。
第三十四条 边疆少数民族地区的金银管理需要作某些变通规定的，由有关省、自治区人民政府会同中国人民银行根据本条例制定。
第三十五条 本条例自发布之日起施行。过去有关部门制定的金银管理办法即行废止。(附英文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE CONTROL OFGOLD AND SILVER
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE CONTROL OF
GOLD AND SILVER
(Promulgated by the State Council on June 15, 1983)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of tightening control of
gold and silver, ensuring the demands for gold and silver in national
economic construction, and banning smuggling and speculation in gold and
silver.
Article 2
The gold and silver referred to in these Regulations include:
(1) gold and silver extracted form ore deposits, and gold and silver
refined as a by-product;
(2) gold and silver bars, nuggets, bullion and powder;
(3) gold and silver coins;
(4) gold and silver articles and gold- or silver-based alloy articles;
(5) gold and silver contained in chemical products; and
(6) gold and silver tailings, and gold and silver contained in residual,
liquid and solid wastes.
Platinum shall be controlled according to the relevant State provisions.
The gold and silver with a cultural relic nature shall be controlled
according to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of
Cultural Relics.
Article 3
The State pursues a policy of unified control and monopoly purchase and
allocation with regard to gold and silver.
All gold and silver earnings and expenditures of State organs, armed
forces, organizations, schools, State-owned enterprises, institutions,
urban and rural collective economic organizations within the territory of
the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as organizations
within territory) shall be incorporated in the State plan for gold and
silver earnings and expenditures.
Article 4
The competent agency of the State responsible for gold and silver is the
People's Bank of China.
The People's Bank of China is responsible for managing the State's gold
and silver reserves; responsible for the purchase, allocation and sale of
gold and silver; it shall work out and control purchasing, allocating and
selling prices of gold and silver in conjunction with the State competent
agency responsible for commodity prices; it shall work in conjunction with
the relevant competent agencies to examine and approve units dealing in
(including processing and retailing) gold and silver articles and chemical
products containing gold and silver and the recovery of gold and silver
from residual, liquid and solid wastes containing them (hereinafter
referred to as business units), and shall control and inspect the gold and
silver market; it shall supervise the implementation of these Regulations.
Article 5
All gold and silver in the possession of the organizations within
territory except the raw materials, equipment, vessels and souvenirs
retained for use with the permission of the People's Bank of China, must
be sold to the Bank and shall not be disposed of or kept without
authorization.
Article 6
The State protects the possession of gold and silver lawfully obtained by
individuals.
Article 7
No units and individuals within the territory of the People's Republic of
China are allowed to use gold and silver to calculate prices, to engage in
private buying and selling of gold and silver, or to use it as a mortgage
in respect of borrowing and lending.
Chapter II Control of Gold and Silver Purchase
Article 8
The purchase of gold and silver is monopolized by the People's Bank of
China. No unit or individual is permitted to purchase gold and silver
unless permitted or entrusted by the Bank.
Article 9
All gold and silver mined and refined by factories and mines, rural
communes, brigades and teams, armed forces and individuals engaging in and
producing gold and silver (including that extracted from ore deposits and
refined as by-product), must be sold to the People's Bank of China, and
must not be kept for sale, exchange or use by themselves without
authorization.
The producing units listed in the preceding paragraph must tighten control
over finished and semi-finished gold and silver products in the
manufacturing process according to the relevant provisions, and must not
sell or otherwise dispose of such products themselves without
authorization.
Article 10
The State encourages business units and those units using gold and silver
to recover gold and silver from associated mineral ores and from residual
liquid and solid wastes containing gold and silver.
Units listed in the preceding paragraph must sell their recovered gold and
silver to the People's Bank of China, and must not keep them for sale,
exchange or use by themselves without authorization, except those retained
for reuse by units using gold and silver with the permission of the
People's Bank of China.
Article 11
All gold and silver extracted or refined by organizations within territory
as a by-product from imported gold, silver or ore products must be sold to
the People's Bank of China, except for the gold and silver kept with the
permission of the Bank or those for reexport following processing the
imported materials in accordance with relevant provisions, and must not be
sold, exchanged or retained for use by themselves.
Article 12
Individuals wishing to sell gold or silver must sell it to the People's
Bank of China.
Article 13
Any excavated gold and silver objects without legal owners belong to the
State. No unit or individual may melt down, destroy, or take possession of
such gold and silver. Excavated gold and silver objects without legal
owners discovered by any unit or individual shall be sold to the People's
Bank of China and the receipts from such sales shall be turned over to the
Treasury; those found to be of historical value upon evaluation by local
cultural administration departments shall be handled in accordance with
the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural
Relics.
Article 14
All gold and silver confiscated by the public security, judicial, Customs,
industry and commerce administration, taxation and other State organs
according to law must be sold to the People's Bank of China, and must not
be disposed of by these organs or substituted with other articles. The
sale proceeds from confiscated gold and silver shall be turned over to the
Treasury according to relevant provisions.
Chapter III Control of Allocation and Sale of Gold and Silver
Article 15
Units requiring gold and silver for use shall submit to the People's Bank
of China a plan requesting the use of gold and silver according to
specified procedures, and the Bank shall supply such gold and silver after
examination and approval. The People's Bank of China shall supply gold
and silver according to the approved plan, and must not reduce at will the
amount approved or delay delivery.
Article 16
Foreign-capital enterprises, Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures and
foreign businessmen within the territory of the People's Republic of China
purchasing gold and silver articles or processing goods containing gold
and silver thus wishing to acquire gold and silver supplies in China shall
make application according to the specified procedures to the People's
Bank of China for examination and approval and fulfillment of the request.
Article 17
Units using gold and silver must establish their utilization system,
comply strictly with the earmarked utilization, and return any unused
portion. Without the permission of the People's Bank of China, they shall
not transfer gold and silver materials (including semi-finished products)
to others or use them for any other purposes.
Article 18
The People's Bank of China has the authority, within the scope provided
for in these Regulations, to supervise and check up on units using gold
and silver. The units concerned shall provide the Bank with truthful
information and data in regard to the use of gold and silver.
Chapter IV Control of Business Units and Self-Employed Silver- smiths
Article 19
Units applying for dealing in (including processing and marketing of) gold
and silver articles and chemical products containing gold and silver, and
those recovering gold and silver from residual, liquid and solid wastes
containing them, shall be subject to examination and approval of the
People's Bank of China and the relevant competent agencies according to
the relevant provisions and approving procedures of the State and shall
register with and obtain operating licences from the administrative
department for industry and commerce before they begin operations.
Article 20
Business units must conduct their business within the approved scope, and
shall not alter the scope of business without authorization, embezzle gold
and silver or use them for any other purpose, or illegally purchase them
in the course of their operations.
Article 21
The minting and issuing of gold- and silver-based souvenir coins shall be
handled by the People's Bank of China, and no other unit may mint, imitate
or issue such coins. The export of gold- and silver-based souvenir badges
(or plaques) shall be handled respectively by the People's Bank of China
and the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 22
Commission stores and second-hand shops may not purchase or sell on
commission gold and silver articles and appliances. Jewellery shops may
purchase jewellery inlaid with gold and silver for sale abroad, but may
not purchase or sell gold and silver articles and appliances. The People's
Bank of China is responsible for purchasing gold and silver articles for
export and supplying them to the foreign trade departments.
Article 23
Self-employed silversmiths in border areas inhabited by minority
nationalities and in coastal areas with a concentration of relatives of
overseas Chinese, may engage in processing and repairing gold and silver
articles for clients upon the approval of the People's Bank of China at
the county level or above and of the administration for industry and
commerce, but are not allowed to purchase or sell gold and silver
articles.
Article 24
The State allows individuals to send gold and silver jewellery by post,
and specific measures for control thereof shall be worked out by the
People's Bank of China in conjunction with the Ministry of Post and
Telecommunications.
Chapter V Control of Gold and Silver Taken into or out of the Territory of China
Article 25
There is no limit to the quantity of gold and silver to be brought into
the People's Republic of China. However, this must be declared at the
Customs of the People's Republic of China at the port of entry.
Article 26
Gold and silver taken or retaken out of China shall be inspected and
released by the Customs of the People's Republic of China according to the
quantity specified in the certificate issued by the People's Bank of China
or the declaration form at the time of entry; it may not be taken out if
no certificate is produced or if the amount exceeds that specified in the
declaration form at the time of entry.
Article 27
Gold and silver jewellery (including inlaid jewellery handicraft and art
products and vessels) to be carried out of China by tourists shall be
inspected and released by the Customs of the People's Republic of China
against the special invoices issued by the domestic units dealing in gold
and silver articles. Without such invoices, the articles may not be taken
out of China.
Article 28
When Chinese citizens, foreign nationals or stateless persons wish to
leave the People's Republic of China to immigrate abroad, they may each
carry out up to 1 liang (31.25 grams) in gold jewellery, 10 liang (312.50
grams) in silver jewellery and 20 liang (625 grams) in silver vessels.
Items not exceeding these limits shall be allowed to be carried out upon
inspection by the Customs of the People's Republic of China.
Article 29
There is no limit to the quantity of gold and silver to be imported as raw
materials by foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures in the People's Republic of China. Export products containing a
high percentage of gold and silver shall be released upon verification and
approval by the People's Bank of China. Items not verified and approved or
in excess of the approved amount shall not be exported.
Chapter VI Rewards and Penalties
Article 30
Units or individuals who make the following contributions shall be
commended or given appropriate material rewards by the State:
(1) those who have made marked successes in recovering or controlling gold
and silver in strict implementation of the State policies and decrees
concerning gold and silver;
(2) those who have had outstanding performance in the protection of gold
and silver for the State in the struggle against violations of law and
criminal acts such as smuggling and speculation;
(3) those who have promptly reported or handed over to the responsible
organ upon discovery of unearthed gold and silver without legal owner,
thus rendering a service to the state; and
(4) those who have donated to the State their personal gold and silver
collections.
Article 31
The following acts in violation of these Regulations shall be subject to
penalty imposed, in accordance with the severity of the case, by the
People's Bank of China, or by the administrative department for industry
and commerce, or by the Customs, according to their respective terms of
reference:
(1) If gold and silver have been purchased, sold, exchanged or retained
without authorization in violation of Articles 8, 9, 10, and 11 of these
Regulations, the People's Bank of China or the administrative department
for industry and commerce shall resort to compulsory purchase or devalued
purchase. In cases of serious violation, the administrative department for
industry and commerce may impose fines in addition, or simply confiscate
the gold and silver in question.
In cases of violation of Articles 8, 9, 10, and 11 of these Regulations,
the administrative department for industry and commerce may revoke
violators' business licences in addition.
(2) If unearthed gold and silver objects without legal owners have been
melted down, destroyed or held in possession in violation of Article 13 of
these Regulations, the People's Bank of China shall recover the unearthed
objects or the administrative department for industry and commerce shall
impose fines.
(3) If the intended use of gold and silver is altered, or gold and silver
used as raw materials are transferred without authorization in violation
of Article 17 of these Regulations, the People's Bank of China shall
either issue a warning or recover the gold and silver allocated. In cases
of serious violation, fines shall be imposed or even supplies suspended.
(4) For such acts as dealing in gold and silver without authorization,
altering the scope of business without authorization, illegally purchasing
or using gold and silver for other purpose, or embezzling gold and silver,
in violation of Articles 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 of these Regulations, the
administrative department for industry and commerce shall impose fines or
confiscate the goods. In cases of serious violation, business licenses may
be revoked in addition and suspension of business operations be ordered.
(5) If gold and silver are used to calculate prices, bought or sold
privately, or used as a means of a mortgage in respect of borrowing and
lending in violation of Article 7 of these Regulations, the People's Bank
of China or the administrative department for industry and commerce shall
purchase such gold and silver compulsorily or at devalued prices. In cases
of serious violation, the administrative department for industry and
commerce may impose fines or confiscate the gold and silver in question.
(6) If the provisions in Chapter V of these Regulations concerning the
gold and silver taken into or out of China are violated or various means
are used to smuggle gold and silver out of China, the Customs shall deal
with such cases in accordance with these Regulations and the Customs law
and regulations.
(7) If the provisions of Article 14 of these Regulations are violated, the
People's Bank of China shall purchase the gold and silver in question. The
administrative liability of those directly responsible shall be
investigated by the relevant units.
Article 32
If violations of these Regulations constitute crimes, the judicial organs
shall investigate the criminal responsibilities according to law.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 33
The rules for implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by
the People's Bank of China in conjunction with the relevant departments
under the State Council.
Article 34
If modified regulations are required for gold and silver control in border
areas inhabited by minority nationalities, the people's governments of the
provinces and autonomous regions concerned shall formulate them in
conjunction with the People's Bank of China in accordance with these
Regulations.
Article 35
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
Measures of gold and silver control previously formulated by the related
departments thus are hereby nullified.