最高人民法院


最高人民法院关于进一步加强和规范执行工作的若干意见

法发〔2009〕43号


　　　各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院：

　　　现将《最高人民法院关于进一步加强和规范执行工作的若干意见》印发给你们，请结合工作实际，认真贯彻落实。

二〇〇九年七月十七日　


　　　近年来，在各级党委领导、人大监督、政府支持下，人民法院不断推进执行体制和机制改革，健全执行工作长效机制，组织开展集中清理执行积案活动，有力保障了人民群众的合法权益，维护了社会公平正义，促进了社会和谐稳定。但是执行难问题并未从根本上得到解决，执行工作规范化水平仍需进一步提高，执行的力度和时效性有待进一步加强。为此，各级人民法院要进一步贯彻落实科学发展观和中央一系列文件精神，以解决执行难为重点，切实改进和完善执行工作体制机制，着力推进执行工作长效机制建设，全面提升执行工作规范化水平。

　　　一、进一步加大执行工作力度

　　　（一）建立执行快速反应机制。要努力提高执行工作的快速反应能力，加强与公安、检察等部门的联系，及时处理执行线索和突发事件。高、中级人民法院应当成立执行指挥中心，组建快速反应力量。有条件的基层人民法院根据工作需要也可以成立执行指挥中心。指挥中心负责人由院长或其授权的副院长担任，执行局长具体负责组织实施。为了便于与纪检、公安、检察等有关部门的协调，统一调用各类司法资源，符合条件的执行局长可任命为党组成员。指挥中心办事机构设在执行局，并开通24小时值班电话。快速反应力量由辖区法院的执行人员、司法警察等人员组成，下设快速反应执行小组，根据指挥中心的指令迅速采取执行行动。

　　　（二）完善立审执协调配合机制。加强立案、审判和执行三个环节的协作配合，形成法院内部解决执行难的合力。立案阶段要加强诉讼指导、法律释明、风险告知和审前和解，尤其是对符合法定条件的案件依法及时采取诉前财产保全措施。审判阶段对符合条件的案件要依法及时采取诉讼保全和先予执行措施；要大力推进诉讼调解，提高调解案件的当庭履行率和自觉履行率；要增强裁判文书的说理性，强化判后答疑制度，促使当事人服判息诉，案结事了；要努力提高裁判文书质量，增强说理性，对双方的权利义务要表述准确、清晰，并充分考虑判项的可执行性。

　　　（三）建立有效的执行信访处理机制。各级人民法院要设立专门的执行申诉处理机构，负责执行申诉信访的审查和督办，在理顺与立案庭等部门职能分工的基础上，探索建立四级法院上下一体的执行信访审查处理机制。上级法院要建立辖区法院执行信访案件挂牌督办制度，在人民法院网上设置专页，逐案登记,加强督办，分类办结后销号。进一步规范执行信访案件的办理流程，畅通民意沟通途径，对重大、复杂信访案件一律实行公开听证。要重视初信初访，从基层抓起，从源头抓起。要加强与有关部门的协作配合，充分发挥党委领导下的信访终结机制的作用。加大信访案件督办力度，落实领导包案制度，开展执行信访情况排名通报。完善执行信访工作的考评机制，信访责任追究和责任倒查机制。

　　　（四）强化执行宣传工作。各级人民法院要加强同党委宣传部门的联系，将执行工作作为法制宣传工作的重要内容，制定执行工作宣传的整体规划，提高全社会的法制意识和风险意识。要与广播、报纸、电视、网络等媒体建立稳定的合作关系，采取召开新闻发布会、专题报道、跟踪报道、现场采访、设置专栏等方式，开展执行法规政策讲解、重大执行活动报道、典型案例通报、被执行人逃避、规避或抗拒执行行为的曝光等宣传活动。要高度重视民意沟通工作，通过进农村、进社区、进企业等多种形式，广泛深入地了解人民群众和社会各界对执行工作的意见和建议，把合理的社情民意转化为改进工作的具体措施，提高执行工作水平。

　　　二、加快执行工作长效机制建设

　　　（一）建立执行工作联席会议制度。各级人民法院要在各级党委的领导下，充分发挥执行工作联席会议制度的作用，组织排查和清理阻碍执行的地方性规定和文件，解决执行工作中遇到的突出困难和法院自身难以解决的问题，督促查处党政部门、领导干部非法干预执行或特殊主体阻碍、抗拒执行的违法违纪行为，协调处理可能影响社会稳定的重大突发事件或暴力抗法事件、重大执行信访案件；组织集中清理执行积案活动，对各类重点执行案件实行挂牌督办；对政府机关、国有企业等特殊主体案件，研究解决办法。重大执行事项经联席会讨论作出决定或形成会议纪要后，交由相关部门负责落实，落实情况纳入综合治理考核范围。

　　　（二）加快执行联动威慑机制建设。各级人民法院要努力争取党委的支持，动员全社会的力量共同解决执行难问题。要在制度上明确与执行工作相关的党政管理部门，包括纪检监察、组织人事、新闻宣传、综合治理、检察、公安、政府法制、财政、民政、发展和改革、司法行政、国土资源管理、住房和城乡建设管理、人民银行、银行业监管、税务、工商行政管理和证券监管等部门在执行工作中的具体职责，积极协助人民法院开展有关工作。要建设好全国法院执行案件信息管理系统，积极参与社会信用体系建设，实现执行案件信息与其他部门信用信息的共享，并通过信用惩戒手段促使债务人自动履行义务。

　　　（三）实施严格的执行工作考评机制。要完善和细化现有的执行工作考核体系，科学设定执行标的到位率、执行申诉率、执行结案率、执行结案合格率、自行履行率等指标，合理分配考核分值，建立规范有效的考核评价机制。考核由各级人民法院在辖区范围内定期、统一进行，考核结果实行公开排位，并建立末位情况分析制、报告制以及责任追究制。实行执行案件质量评查和超期限分析制度，将执行案件的质量和效率纳入质效管理部门的监管范围。各级人民法院要建立执行人员考评机制，建立质效档案，并将其作为考评定级、提职提级、评优评先的重要依据。要规定科学的结案标准，建立严格的无财产案件的程序终结制度，并作结案统计。建立上级法院执行局和本院质效管理部门对执行错案和瑕疵案件的分析和责任倒查制度。上级法院撤销或改变下级法院裁定或决定时，要附带对案件进行责任分析。本院质效管理部门发现执行案件存在问题的，也要进行责任分析。

三、继续推进执行改革

　　　（一）优化执行职权配置。一是进一步完善高级人民法院执行机构统一管理、统一协调的执行工作管理机制，中级人民法院（直辖市除外）对所辖地区执行工作实行统一管理、统一协调。进一步推进“管案、管事、管人”相结合的管理模式。二是实行案件执行重心下移，最高人民法院和高级人民法院作为执行工作统一管理、统一协调的机构，原则上不执行具体案件，案件主要由中级人民法院和基层人民法院执行，也可以指定专门法院执行某些特定案件，以排除不当干预。三是科学界定执行审查权和执行实施权，并分别由不同的内设机构或者人员行使。将财产调查、控制、处分及交付和分配、采取罚款、拘留强制措施等事项交由实施机构办理，对各类执行异议、复议、案外人异议及变更执行法院的申请等事项交由审查机构办理。四是实行科学的执行案件流程管理，打破一个人负责到底的传统执行模式，积极探索建立分段集约执行的工作机制。指定专人负责统一调查、控制和处分被执行财产，以提高执行效率。要实施以节点控制为特征的流程管理制度，充分发挥合议庭和审判长（执行长）联席会议在审查、评议并提出执行方案方面的作用。

　　　（二）统一执行机构设置。各级人民法院统一设立执行局，并统一执行局内设机构及职能。高级人民法院设立复议监督、协调指导、申诉审查以及综合管理机构,中级人民法院和基层人民法院设执行实施、执行审查、申诉审查和综合管理机构。复议监督机构负责执行案件的监督，并办理异议复议、申请变更执行法院和执行监督案件；协调指导机构负责跨辖区委托执行案件和异地执行案件的协调和管理，办理执行请示案件以及负责与同级政府有关部门的协调；申诉审查机构负责执行申诉信访案件的审查和督办等事项；综合管理机构负责辖区执行工作的管理部署、巡视督查、评估考核、起草规范性文件、调研统计等各类综合性事项。

　　　（三）合理确定执行机构与其他部门的职责分工。要理顺执行机构与法院其他相关部门的职责分工，推进执行工作专业化和执行队伍职业化建设。实行严格的归口管理，明确行政非诉案件和行政诉讼案件的执行,财产保全、先予执行、财产刑等统一由执行机构负责实施。加强和规范司法警察参与执行工作。基层人民法院审判监督庭和高、中级人民法院的质效管理部门承担执行工作质量监督、瑕疵案件责任分析等职能。

四、强化执行监督制约机制

　　　各级人民法院要把强化执行监督制约机制作为长效机制建设的重要内容，切实抓紧抓好。一是按照分权制衡的原则对执行权进行科学配置。区分执行审查权和执行实施权，分别由不同的内设机构或者人员行使，使各项权能之间相互制约、相互监督，保证执行权的正当行使。二是对执行实施的重点环节和关键节点进行风险防范。除编制很少的地区外，应当对执行实施权再行分解，总结出重点环节和关键节点，划分为若干阶段，由不同组织或人员负责，加强相互监督和制约,以此强化对执行工作的动态管理，防止执行权的滥用。三是加大上级法院对下级法院的监督力度。认真实施、严格落实修改后的民事诉讼法，通过办理执行异议、执行复议和案外人异议案件，以及上级法院提级执行、指定执行、交叉执行等途径，纠正违法执行和消极执行行为，加强对执行权行使的监督。四是进一步实行执行公开，自觉接受执行各方当事人的监督。建立执行立案阶段发放廉政监督卡或者执行监督卡、送达执行文书时公布或告知举报电话、当事人正当参与执行等制度。要抓好执行公开制度的贯彻落实，利用信息化手段和网络增强执行工作透明度，严禁暗箱操作，切实保障当事人的知情权、参与权、监督权，预防徇私枉法、权钱交易、违法干预办案等问题的发生，确保执行公正。五是拓宽监督渠道，主动接受社会各界对执行工作的监督。完善党委、人大、舆论等各类监督机制，探索人民陪审员和执行监督员参与执行工作的办法和途径，提高执行的公信力。

　　　五、进一步加强执行队伍建设

　　　各级人民法院要高度重视执行队伍建设。要加强对各级人民法院执行局负责人和执行人员的培训，开展执行人员与各业务部门审判人员的定期交流。要突出加强执行队伍廉政建设，逐步在执行机构配备廉政监察员，加大执行中容易产生腐败的重点环节的监督力度；加强对执行人员的职业道德教育、权力观教育和警示教育；规范执行人员与当事人、律师的交往，细化岗位职责，强化工作管理措施，化解廉政风险；建立顺畅的举报、检举、控告渠道和强有力的违法违纪行为的查纠机制，确保“五个严禁”在执行工作中得到全面贯彻。要根据执行工作的实际需要，配齐配强执行人员，确保实现中发〔1999〕11号文件规定的执行人员比例不少于全体干警现有编制总数15％的要求，确保执行人员的文化程度不低于所在法院人员的平均水平。要尽快制定下发《人民法院执行员条例》，对执行员的任职条件、任免程序、工作职责、考核培训等内容作出规定，努力建设一支公正、高效、廉洁、文明的执行队伍。



全国人民代表大会


中华人民共和国主席令（六届第44号）

《中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免条例》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议于1986年9月5日通过，现予公布，自公布之日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席 李先念
1986年9月5日


中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免条例

（1986年9月5日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过 1986年9月5日中华人民共和国主席令第四十四号公布 自公布之日起施行）

第一条 为确定外国驻中国使馆和使馆人员的外交特权与豁免，便于外国驻中国使馆代表其国家有效地执行职务，特制定本条例。
第二条 使馆外交人员原则上应当是具有派遣国国籍的人。如果委派中国或者第三国国籍的人为使馆外交人员，必须征得中国主管机关的同意。中国主管机关可以随时撤销此项同意。
第三条 使馆及其馆长有权在使馆馆舍和使馆馆长交通工具上，使用派遣国的国旗或者国徽。
第四条 使馆馆舍不受侵犯。中国国家工作人员进入使馆馆舍，须经使馆馆长或者其授权人员的同意。中国有关机关应当采取适当措施，保护使馆馆舍免受侵犯或者损害。
使馆的馆舍、设备及馆舍内其他财产和使馆交通工具免受搜查、征用、扣押或者强制执行。
第五条 使馆馆舍免纳捐税，但为其提供特定服务所收的费用不在此限。
使馆办理公务所收规费和手续费免纳捐税。
第六条 使馆的档案和文件不受侵犯。
第七条 使馆人员在中国境内有行动和旅行的自由，中国政府规定禁止或者限制进入的区域除外。
第八条 使馆为公务目的可以与派遣国政府以及派遣国其他使馆和领事馆自由通讯。通讯可以采用一切适当方法，包括外交信使、外交邮袋和明码、密码电信在内。
第九条 使馆设置和使用供通讯用的无线电收发信机，必须经中国政府同意。使馆运进上述设备，按中国政府的有关规定办理。
第十条 使馆来往的公文不受侵犯。
外交邮袋不得开拆或者扣留。
外交邮袋以装载外交文件或者公务用品为限，应予加封并附有可资识别的外部标记。
第十一条 外交信使必须持有派遣国主管机关出具的信使证明书。外交信使人身不受侵犯，不受逮捕或者拘留。
临时外交信使必须持有派遣国主管机关出具的临时信使证明书，在其负责携带外交邮袋期间，享有与外交信使同等的豁免。
商业飞机机长受委托可以转递外交邮袋，但机长必须持有委托国官方证明文件，注明所携带的外交邮袋件数。机长不得视为外交信使。使馆应当派使馆人员向机长接交外交邮袋。
第十二条 外交代表人身不受侵犯，不受逮捕或者拘留。中国有关机关应当采取适当措施，防止外交代表的人身自由和尊严受到侵犯。
第十三条 外交代表的寓所不受侵犯，并受保护。
外交代表的文书和信件不受侵犯。外交代表的财产不受侵犯，但第十四条另有规定的除外。
第十四条 外交代表享有刑事管辖豁免。
外交代表享有民事管辖豁免和行政管辖豁免，但下列各项除外：
（一）外交代表以私人身份进行的遗产继承的诉讼；
（二）外交代表违反第二十五条第三项规定在中国境内从事公务范围以外的职业或者商业活动的诉讼。
外交代表免受强制执行，但对前款所列情况，强制执行对其人身和寓所不构成侵犯的，不在此限。
外交代表没有以证人身份作证的义务。
第十五条 外交代表和第二十条规定享有豁免的人员的管辖豁免可以由派遣国政府明确表示放弃。
外交代表和第二十条规定享有豁免的人员如果主动提起诉讼，对与本诉直接有关的反诉，不得援用管辖豁免。
放弃民事管辖豁免或者行政管辖豁免，不包括对判决的执行也放弃豁免。放弃对判决执行的豁免须另作明确表示。
第十六条 外交代表免纳捐税，但下列各项除外：
（一）通常计入商品价格或者服务价格内的捐税；
（二）有关遗产的各种捐税，但外交代表亡故，其在中国境内的动产不在此限；
（三）对来源于中国境内的私人收入所征的捐税；
（四）为其提供特定服务所收的费用。
第十七条 外交代表免除一切个人和公共劳务以及军事义务。
第十八条 使馆运进的公务用品、外交代表运进的自用物品，按照中国政府的有关规定免纳关税和其他捐税。
外交代表的私人行李免受查验，但中国有关机关有重大理由推定其中装有不属于前款规定免税的物品或者中国法律和政府规定禁止运进、运出或者检疫法规规定管制的物品的，可以查验。查验时，须有外交代表或者其授权人员在场。
第十九条 使馆和使馆人员携运自用的枪支、子弹入境，必须经中国政府批准，并且按中国政府的有关规定办理。
第二十条 与外交代表共同生活的配偶及未成年子女，如果不是中国公民，享有第十二条至第十八条所规定的特权与豁免。
使馆行政技术人员和与其共同生活的配偶及未成年子女，如果不是中国公民并且不是在中国永久居留的，享有第十二条至第十七条所规定的特权与豁免，但民事管辖豁免和行政管辖豁免，仅限于执行公务的行为。使馆行政技术人员到任后半年内运进的安家物品享有第十八条第一款所规定的免税的特权。
使馆服务人员如果不是中国公民并且不是在中国永久居留的，其执行公务的行为享有豁免，其受雇所得报酬免纳所得税。其到任后半年内运进的安家物品享有第十八条第一款所规定的免税的特权。
使馆人员的私人服务员如果不是中国公民并且不是在中国永久居留的，其受雇所得的报酬免纳所得税。
第二十一条 外交代表如果是中国公民或者获得在中国永久居留资格的外国人，仅就其执行公务的行为，享有管辖豁免和不受侵犯。
第二十二条 下列人员享有在中国过境或者逗留期间所必需的豁免和不受侵犯：
（一）途经中国的外国驻第三国的外交代表和与其共同生活的配偶及未成年子女；
（二）持有中国外交签证或者持有外交护照（仅限互免签证的国家）来中国的外国官员；
（三）经中国政府同意给予本条所规定的特权与豁免的其他来中国访问的外国人士。
对途经中国的第三国外交信使及其所携带的外交邮袋，参照第十条、第十一条的规定办理。
第二十三条 来中国访问的外国国家元首、政府首脑、外交部长及其他具有同等身份的官员，享有本条例所规定的特权与豁免。
第二十四条 来中国参加联合国及其专门机构召开的国际会议的外国代表、临时来中国的联合国及其专门机构的官员和专家、联合国及其专门机构驻中国的代表机构和人员的待遇，按中国已加入的有关国际公约和中国与有关国际组织签订的协议办理。
第二十五条 享有外交特权与豁免的人员：
（一）应当尊重中国的法律、法规；
（二）不得干涉中国的内政；
（三）不得在中国境内为私人利益从事任何职业或者商业活动；
（四）不得将使馆馆舍和使馆工作人员寓所充作与使馆职务不相符合的用途。
第二十六条 如果外国给予中国驻该国使馆、使馆人员以及临时去该国的有关人员的外交特权与豁免，低于中国按本条例给予该国驻中国使馆、使馆人员以及临时来中国的有关人员的外交特权与豁免，中国政府根据对等原则，可以给予该国驻中国使馆、使馆人员以及临时来中国的有关人员以相应的外交特权与豁免。
第二十七条 中国缔结或者参加的国际条约另有规定的，按照国际条约的规定办理，但中国声明保留的条款除外。
中国与外国签订的外交特权与豁免协议另有规定的，按照协议的规定执行。
第二十八条 本条例中下列用语的含义是：
（一）“使馆馆长”是指派遣国委派担任此项职位的大使、公使、代办以及其他同等级别的人；
（二）“使馆人员”是指使馆馆长和使馆工作人员；
（三）“使馆工作人员”是指使馆外交人员、行政技术人员和服务人员；
（四）“使馆外交人员”是指具有外交官衔的使馆工作人员；
（五）“外交代表”是指使馆馆长或者使馆外交人员；
（六）“使馆行政技术人员”是指从事行政和技术工作的使馆工作人员；
（七）“使馆服务人员”是指从事服务工作的使馆工作人员；
（八）“私人服务员”是指使馆人员私人雇用的人员；
（九）“使馆馆舍”是指使馆使用和使馆馆长官邸的建筑物及其附属的土地。
第二十九条 本条例自公布之日起施行。





REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING DIPLO-MATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING DIPLO-
MATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES
(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 44 of the
President of the People's Republic of China and effective as of September
5, 1986)
Article 1
The present Regulations are formulated for the purpose of defining the
diplomatic privileges and immunities of the diplomatic missions in China
and their members and facilitating the efficient performance of the
functions of the diplomatic missions in China as representing States.
Article 2
The members of the diplomatic staff of a mission shall in principle be of
the nationality of the sending State. They may be appointed from among
persons of Chinese or third-state nationality only with the consent of the
competent Chinese authorities, which may be withdrawn at any time by the
said authorities.
Article 3
The mission and its head shall have the right to use the flag and emblem
of the sending State on the premises of the mission and on the means of
transport of the head of the mission.
Article 4
The premises of the mission shall be inviolable. Chinese government
functionaries may enter them only with the consent of the head of the
mission or another member of the mission authorized by him. The Chinese
authorities concerned shall take appropriate measures to protect the
premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage. The premises of
the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon and the means of
transport of the mission shall be immune from search, requisition,
attachment or execution.
Article 5
The premises of the mission shall be exempt from dues and taxes, other
than such as represent payment for specific services rendered.
The fees and charges levied by the mission in the course of its official
duties shall be exempt from all dues and taxes.
Article 6
The archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable.
Article 7
The members of the mission shall enjoy freedom of movement and travel
within Chinese territory except for areas the entry into which is
prohibited or restricted by the regulations of the Chinese Government.
Article 8
The mission may for official purposes communicate freely with the
Government and the other missions and consulates of the sending State. In
so doing, it may employ all appropriate means, including diplomatic
couriers, diplomatic bag, and messages in code or cipher.
Article 9
The mission may install and use a wireless transmitter-receiver for the
purpose of communication only with the consent of the Chinese Government.
The import of the above-mentioned equipment shall be subject to the
relevant procedure as specified by the Chinese Government.
Article 10
The official correspondence of the mission shall be inviolable.
The diplomatic bag shall not be opened or detained.
The diplomatic bag may contain only diplomatic papers or articles intended
for official use and must be sealed and bear visible external marks of its
contents.
Article 11
The diplomatic courier shall be provided with a courier certificate issued
by the competent authorities of the sending State. He shall enjoy personal
inviolability and shall not be liable to arrest or detention.
Diplomatic couriers ad hoc shall be provided with certificates of courier
ad hoc issued by the competent authorities of the sending State, and shall
enjoy the same immunities as the diplomatic courier while charged with the
carrying of the diplomatic bag. A diplomatic bag may be entrusted to the
captain of a commercial aircraft. He shall be provided with an official
document issued by the consigner state indicating the number of packages
constituting the bag, but he shall not be regarded as a diplomatic
courier. The mission shall send its members to receive the diplomatic bag
from the captain of the aircraft or deliver it to him.
Article 12
The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable. He shall not be
liable to arrest or detention. The Chinese authorities concerned shall
take appropriate measures to prevent any attack on his personal freedom
and dignity.
Article 13
The residence of a diplomatic agent shall enjoy inviolability and
protection. His papers, correspondence and, except as provided in Article
14, his property, shall be inviolable.
Article 14
A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from criminal jurisdiction.
He shall also enjoy immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction,
except in the case of:
(1) an action relating to succession in which he is involved as a private
person;
(2) an action relating to any professional or commercial activity
conducted by him in China outside his official functions in violation of
paragraph 3 of Article 25. No measures of execution shall be taken in
respect of a diplomatic agent except in cases coming under the preceding
paragraphs of this Article, where the measures of execution do not
constitute any violations of his person and residence.
A diplomatic agent is not obliged to give evidence as a witness.
Article 15
The immunity from jurisdiction of diplomatic agents and of persons
enjoying immunity under Article 20 may be waived through explicit
expression by the Government of the sending State.
The initiation of proceedings by a diplomatic agent or by a person
enjoying immunity from jurisdiction under Article 20 shall preclude him
from invoking immunity from jurisdiction in respect of any counter-claim
directly connected with the claim. Waiver of immunity from civil or
administrative jurisdiction shall not imply waiver of immunity in respect
of the execution of the judgment, for which a separate and explicit waiver
shall be necessary.
Article 16
A diplomatic agent shall be exempt from all dues and taxes, except:
(1) dues and taxes of a kind which are normally incorporated in the price
of goods or services;
(2) estate, succession or inheritance duties, except for the movable
property in China of a deceased diplomatic agent;
(3) dues and taxes on private income having its source in China;
(4) charges levied for specific services rendered.
Article 17
Diplomatic agents shall be exempt from all personal and public services as
well as military obligations.
Article 18
Imported articles for the official use of the mission and those for the
personal use of a diplomatic agent shall, in accordance with the relevant
regulations of the Chinese Government, be exempt from customs duties and
all other related dues and taxes. The personal baggage of a diplomatic
agent shall be exempt from inspection, unless the competent Chinese
authorities have serious grounds for presuming that it contains articles
not covered by the exemptions specified in the previous paragraph, or
articles the import or export of which is prohibited by Chinese laws and
government regulations or controlled by the quarantine law and
regulations. Such inspection shall be conducted in the presence of the
diplomatic agent or of his authorized representative.
Article 19
The diplomatic missions and their members may bring and import firearms
and bullets into China for their personal use, subject to the approval of
the Chinese government and to its relevant regulations.
Article 20
The spouse and under-age children of a diplomatic agent forming part of
his household shall, if they are not nationals of China, enjoy the
privileges and immunities specified in Article 12 to 18.
The members of the administrative and technical staff of the mission,
together with their spouses and under-age children forming part of their
respective households, shall, if they are not nationals of and permanently
resident in China, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in
Articles 12 to 17. However, the immunity from civil and administrative
jurisdiction shall be confined to acts performed in the course of official
duties. The members of the administrative and technical staff shall enjoy
the privilege of exemption from dues and taxes specified in paragraph one
of Article 18 in respect of articles intended for their establishment
which are imported within six months of the time of installation.
The members of the service staff of the mission who are not nationals of
and permanently resident in China shall enjoy immunity in respect of acts
performed in the course of official duties and exemption from income tax
on the emoluments they receive by reason of their employment. They shall
enjoy the privilege of exemption from dues and taxes as specified in
paragraph one of Article 18 of the present Regulations in respect of
articles intended for their establishment which are imported within six
months of the time of installation.
The private attendants of members of the mission shall, if they are not
nationals of and permanently resident in China, be exempt from income tax
on the emoluments they receive by reason of their employment.
Article 21
Diplomatic agents who are nationals of China or foreigners having obtained
permanent residence in China shall enjoy immunity from jurisdiction and
inviolability only in respect of acts performed in the course of official
duties.
Article 22
The following persons shall enjoy immunity and inviolability necessary for
their transit through or sojourn in China:
(1) a diplomatic agent stationed in a third State who passes through China
together with his spouse and underage children forming part of his
household;
(2) a visiting foreign official who has obtained a diplomatic visa from
China or who holds a diplomatic passport of a State with which China has
an agreement on the mutual exemption of visas;
(3) other visiting foreigners to whom the Chinese Government has granted
the privileges and immunities specified in the present Article.
The provisions of Articles 10 and 11 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to a
diplomatic courier of a third state passing through China and his
accompanying diplomatic bag.
Article 23
Visiting heads of State or government, foreign ministers and other
officials of comparable status from foreign States shall enjoy the
privileges and immunities specified in the present Regulations.
Article 24
Representatives of foreign States coming to China to attend international
conferences sponsored by the United Nations or its specialized agencies,
visiting officials and experts of the United Nations and its specialized
agencies, and offices of the United Nations and its specialized agencies
in China and their personnel shall enjoy such treatment as specified in
the relevant international conventions to which China has acceded and
agreements which China has concluded with the international organizations
concerned.
Article 25
Persons enjoying diplomatic privileges and immunities under the present
Regulations shall:
(1) respect Chinese laws and regulations;
(2) not interfere in the internal affairs of China;
(3) not practise for personal profit any professional or commercial
activity on Chinese territory;
(4) not use the premises of the mission and the residence of the members
of the staff of the mission for purposes incompatible with the functions
of the mission.
Article 26
In case the diplomatic privileges and immunities accorded by a foreign
State to the Chinese mission and its members in that State and to visiting
Chinese personnel concerned are fewer than those China would give under
the present Regulations to the mission of that State and its members in
China and its visiting personnel concerned, the Chinese Government may
accord them such diplomatic privileges and immunities as appropriate on a
reciprocal basis.
Article 27
Where there are other provisions in international treaties to which China
is a contracting or acceding party, the provisions of those treaties shall
prevail, with the exception of those provisions on which China has
expressed reservations. Where there are other provisions in agreements on
diplomatic privileges and immunities between China and other countries,
the provisions of those agreements shall prevail.
Article 28
For the purpose of the present Regulations, the following expressions
shall have the meanings hereunder assigned to them:
(1) the "head of the mission" is the ambassador, minister, charge
d'affaires or other person of equivalent rank charged by the sending State
with the duty of acting in that capacity;
(2) the "members of the mission" are the head of the mission and the
members of the staff of the mission;
(3) the "members of the staff of the mission" are the members of the
diplomatic staff, of the administrative and technical staff and of the
service staff of the mission;
(4) the "members of the diplomatic staff of the mission" are the members
of the staff of the mission having diplomatic rank;
(5) a "diplomatic agent" is the head of the mission or a member of the
diplomatic staff of the mission;
(6) the "members of the administrative and technical staff of the mission"
are the members of the staff of the mission engaged in the administrative
and technical work of the mission;
(7) the "members of the service staff of the mission" are the members of
the staff of the mission in the domestic service of the mission;
(8) a "private attendant" is a person in the private employment of a
member of the mission;
(9) the "premises of the mission" are the buildings and the land ancillary
thereto used for the purposes of the mission and the residence of the head
of the mission.
Article 29
The present Regulations shall enter into force on the date of their
promulgation.